Reconstruction Document Analysis - 1256 Words

Dr. Wheeler HIS 251 26 November 2012 Document Analysis: â€Å"Reconstruction: Clashing Dreams and Realities, 1865-1868† The Civil War brought with it destruction in the South, over 600,000 fatalities, economic devastation, and a nation hanging together by the thread of the hopes of those who believed that the nation of Washington would not â€Å"perish from the earth.† Those living in the losing side had to face the harsh realities that their lives would never be the same, both for the white slave owners and for the black, newly-liberated, former slaves. As the introduction of Archive 12 in the anthology of primary historical sources American History Firsthand puts it best, â€Å"The end of the Civil War initiated a conflict between revised goals†¦show more content†¦Payne’s feeling toward African Americans was not uncommon amongst the former slave owners of the South. In fact, it can be said that some form of this letter was probably sent amongst many who resided in the Southern gentry. African Americans were not passive watchers during Reconstruction. Long denied the opportunity to learn how to read and write old and young alike took advantage of teachers who set up schools to teach former slaves. Many African Americans found an avenue through which they could educate themselves, earn respect in their community, and passively fight racial discrimination in the church. One such man is Hawkins Wilson, a former slave turned clergyman. Document 12.8 is a letter written by Wilson to his sister, Jane Wilson. In this letter he describes how his life has changed since the last time they saw each other. He is a free man devoted to the works of God, and, as he puts it, â€Å"Since I parted with you, I am happy now, for King Jesus is my Captain and God is my friend...My reputation is good before white and black. I am chief of all the turnouts of the colored people in Galveston-Last July 1866, I had the chief command of four thousand colored people ofShow MoreRelatedKilling R econstruction : American Exceptionalism And The North s Rise1094 Words   |  5 PagesKilling Reconstruction; American Exceptionalism and The North’s Rise to Power Pulitzer Prize holding biographer of president Woodrow Wilson’s biography, Scott Berg, described the future foreign policy of southern diplomats and federalists such as Wilson, to have been formed by the trauma experienced during the course of The Civil War. The Confederate south was left in a state of constant ruin, with infrastructure and the economy in recession, morale and dignity torn, and in a racial transgressionRead MoreThe Discipline Of American Studies Essay1676 Words   |  7 PagesQueer (LGBTQ) identities have become more salient. 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Equality Diversity Level 2 †As3 Free Essays

NCFE Level 2 Certificate in Equality and Diversity Unit 3: Working or Learning in a Place that Promotes Diversity 1. In relation to your chosen workplace / place of learning, provide examples of policies / codes of conduct that encourage and / or protect equality and diversity. My chosen workplace to study place a lot of emphasis on complying with Equality and Diversity, they not only have a comprehensive policy setting out their aims and what they wish to achieve with the implementation of the Policy but they have extensive Codes of Conduct for staff and partners to follow. We will write a custom essay sample on Equality Diversity Level 2 – As3 or any similar topic only for you Order Now Their policy sets out what they wish to achieve, examples being:- The firm are committed to developing a culture which values and respects people from all section of the community and the contribution each individual can make to the work of the firm. The firm aims to ensure equality and diversity objectives are incorporated and become an integral part of governance, management and the duties of every employee. The Policy also goes on to provide definitions for staff of different types of discrimination, explaining in very detailed terms exactly what the firm feels falls into each category, these include:- Bullying Harassment ? Dignity ? Prejudice Further, the Policy also provides how a complaint is dealt with, by whom and the timescales involved. In terms of the Codes of Conduct every employee is provided with a copy that they must read and retain. The company have implemented a system whereby the final page is signed by the employee and returned to the Equality Diversity represent ative so that the company has a record that everyone has seen and read the document. The Code of Conduct sets out:- Also read: Equality Diversity Under Awareness – Staff will be tolerant of individuals needs and cultural differences, help; to provide a pleasant working environment,. Have empathy, support and understandings for individual needs and cultural differences, be receptive and adaptable to change, be professional when deal with clients, colleagues and third parties, respect confidentiality, respect the feelings of others and do not stereotype, make assumptions or pre-judge based on someone’s appearance or culture. Further staff will not discriminate directly or indirectly against someone’s age, gender, sexuality, religion, race, special needs or culture. Under Accessibility – staff will respect, understand and meet the needs of different cultural beliefs, be adjustable and adaptable, be aware of your language (both verbal and body) when you are dealing with clients and colleagues, be aware of different meanings according to culture and to offer help with communication and translation (braille, audio or interpreter). The Codes of Conduct have further headings with similar statements including policy and Support to assist staff in fully understanding the entire policy and it definitions. 2. In relation to your chosen workplace / place of learning, describe what is expected of members of staff who have specific responsibility for equality and diversity. Include information about their job titles and describe their responsibilities. In my chosen workplace there are two members of staff are responsible for ensuring our Equality Diversity Policy / Code of Conduct are complied with. This role is covered by a Senior Partner and the Office Manager (terms Equality and Diversity Representatives by the firm) who ensure that the Policy / Code of Conduct is up to date and that they are up to date on the Law / Regulations including Law updates, case Law and advances in enforcing Policies. Should there be a breach of the Policy either the Partner or Office Manager are responsible for ensuring this is investigated fully and fairly on behalf of either staff members or clients whom feel a potential breach may have occurred. They are also responsible for providing all staff with on-going training either via conferences in the office, outsourced conferences or memo based updates. 3. Describe what is broadly expected of all staff in relation to equality and diversity. All staff are expected to treat everyone appropriately regardless of their age, disability, gender reassignment, race, religion, sexual orientation or marital status. They also expect that all staff engage in developing a culture which values and respects people from all sections of the community and the contribution that each individual can make to the workings of a firm. All staff are further expected to have a good awareness of the Code of Conduct and abide by the same throughout their role, specifically expecting all staff to be tolerant, provide a pleasant working environment, be receptive and professional, respect others feeling and confidentiality and not to stereotype or pre-judge. All staff are expected to make themselves aware of the Policy and adhere to it at all times to ensure that each and every aspect of the firm complies with Equality and Diversity to the highest possible standard. All staff are also expected to ensure that breaches or potential breaches are brought to the Partnerships attention quickly so that investigations can be put into place. 4. Based on the work you have done in Question 1 – 3, write a short summary of what you have discovered in terms of the organisation’s work on equality and diversity. Within my workplace the Equality and Diversity Policy / Code of Conduct is thought of as pivotal to the firm. Great pride is taken in the fact the firm have such a comprehensive regulation system and great care is taken by the Partners to ensure that at every opportunity Equality and Diversity is considered. The company have a Equality and Diversity Board , including partners, staff representatives and external service providers, who meet once a month and discuss any issues that may have been raised, whether these be complaints, alleged breaches or simply comments from individuals with regards the Policy (wording etc) or any other issues. The minutes from the meetings are published and a copy placed in a centralised folder with additional copies being sent to all staff via email so that everyone can be kept up to date. Furthermore periodically quizzes are sent round to staff (including partners) with ten questions asking for multiple choice answers to be completed. The Equality and Diversity Representatives make this fun by awarding prizes to the winners but if somebody fails to grasp the quiz additional fact sheets and work is undertaken with that person to ensure the Representatives are confident they appreciate what Equality and Diversity is and why it is held in such high regard at the office. 5. Describe how equality and diversity is monitored within your chosen place of work / learning. The staff with conduct of the Equality Diversity Policy in the office (Partner and office manager) monitor equality and diversity. They are responsible for monitoring Recruitment and selection processes, promotion and transfer, training, terms and conditions of employment, work live balance policy, grievance and disciplinary procedures, resignations, redundancies and dismissals. Furthermore reviews of the policies are conducted regularly with the help of external experts who ensure that the policies incorporate the most up to date Law and Case law to ensure proper compliance. 6. Prepare a short report on how your chosen place of work / study promotes (communicates) policies and practices for equality and diversity to employees and external stakeholders (such as customers and the community). Provide specific examples. The company has many ways in which it tells external people of the equality and diversity policy. It is included in the firm’s website under a separate tab which explains in general terms our policy, advising those who read that we run in accordance with the policy and confirming that a full copy of the policy is available should they wish to read it, free of charge on request. Furthermore our Twitter and Facebook accounts give general information but if the policy changes or is affected by any legal changes these are specifically documented via updates. Internally quizzes are held to help staff keep updated and also regularly memos or training seminars (by internal and external agencies) are also conducted. 7. Describe the organisation’s punishments or sanctions for any breach in the policies / codes of practice / guidelines where equality and diversity are concerned. Individuals are expected to report all incidents of harassment, bulling or discrimination to their head of department, staff partner or manger. In return the company promise to ensure all complaints are dealt with confidentially and with sensitivity ensuring that investigations are swift and discreet. Anybody who is found to have been acting in contravention to the Code of Conduct or policies or any member of staff that allows a breach to go ahead by turning a blind eye or encouraging the same will face formal disciplinary action. The firm has several outcomes for an investigation via disciplinary action. If a complaint is upheld the offender will be sat down and confidentially spoken to about their conduct and told the behaviour will stop. This will be recorded but taken no further so long as there is no repeat. The second step could be mediation where the offender and victim with a natural member of staff are given the opportunity to sit and discuss the matter. If they do not want to do this face to face a letter exchange will be agreed and monitored. Again the process will be recorded and documented. If the above steps cannot be completed or the breach is too serious formal disciplinary procedures will commence in line with the companies normal disciplinary procedures. This takes the form of a disciplinary meeting whereby the offender can put forward mitigation or defence and then the disciplinary partner will decide the next course of action – this can be verbal warning, written warning, suspension or dismissal – again depending on the seriousness of the breach and / or the offenders past disciplinary record. Throughout all of the above the victim is kept informed and the victim can ask that a certain procedure be undertaken – ie: if they do not want a fuss they can ask that instead of disciplinary a warning is given to the person or they can refuse to undertake mediation because they are concerned it will not work or has not worked in the past. If the complaint is not upheld a meeting will be had with offender and victim individually to advise them of the reasons why and the outcome confirmed in writing to them. As in all disciplinary matters if either party is unhappy with the outcome grievance procedures can be commenced, this being done by requesting the same within 21 days of the formal decision. 8. Describe why the creation and maintenance of an environment that promotes and ensures equality and diversity is desirable. Describe the advantages for the organisation and provide examples. The advantage for ensuring Equality and Diversity are complied with within an organisation in the most basic sense is a better place to work. It builds a fairer environment for both staff and the public whereby they know that their views and rights, no matter their personal circumstances, will be dealt with properly and without prejudice. Ensuring prejudice does not â€Å"creep in† to a workplace is essential as prejudice breeds discontent and can cause severe upset to individuals or groups of people. The workplace has people from any cultural and economic backgrounds and therefore enforcing good equality and diversity practices means that a happy and social workplace develops. . Describe the consequences for your chosen organisation of failing to create and maintain a diverse and equal environment. You should consider aspects such as: †¢ Legal †¢ Economic †¢ Social Should the employer not create and maintain a proper Policy / Code of Conduct the consequences can be far reaching. A firm known to not comply with any policy could lose clients or professional contacts as they do not wish to engage with a firm that does not comply with Equality and Diversity. This could mean lost revenue and it could also mean that filling staffing positions is harder as people may be cautious of working for someone who would not support them if their rights were breached. Again legally a firm could be pursued via employment law and sued if a complaint via the tribunal was upheld whereby somebodies rights were breached or could be breached and there were no safeguards to protect them. How to cite Equality Diversity Level 2 – As3, Essay examples

Environmental Law Landscapes

Question: Write about theEnvironmental Lawfor Landscapes. Answer: Introduction Many nations have benefited from landscapes in different ways. [1]However, there have been arguments in many nations on who should be given the responsibility of making sure that the landscapes are preserved. To make sure that there are defined rules on who should be accountable of the landscapes, there are laws in place that are used to guide the respective nations on what to do when it comes to matters of landscapes exactly. New Zealand is one of the many nations that have benefited from the landscape. The nation has earned a lot of money from tourists who are attracted by the physical features. With that in mind, it is evident that the question of who should be given the responsibility to guard the landscapes is eminent. The government is divided into different parts and levels with the aim of reaching the citizens on the ground. The levels of governments have different obligations and responsibilities in preserving the environment. It is for this reason that there should be clear guidelines on who exactly should take care of the environment. Such makes sure that there is someone who has been given the responsibility of looking after the physical features which are of benefit to the region and the nation. The question of who should recognize the outstanding landscapes should be tackled in different ways and from different perspectives. Outstanding Landscapes should be Recognized by a National Planning Instrument 7Though in New Zealand there lacked proper rules that were supposed to guide the government on who to look after the landscapes and manage them; the need has risen for the last few years. This is because the nation has seen the importance of having landscapes. There before, landscapes were viewed as features that only exist and there was no need to look after them. There are different reasons why the national planning instrument should recognize the outstanding landscapes. [2] Source of Income One of the primary responsibilities of any given government is to make sure that the nation earns from the resources it has. 8According to Jackson, New Zealand has already seen the results of taking good care of the environment. The fact that the outstanding landscapes have acted as tourists' attraction sites makes them an economic resource. For the government to be able to take care of its citizens, it must have resources in place. One of the most important resources is money. 15though the government may not have a full control of the tourism sector, using the natural resources it has would have a great impact on the economy of the nation. Its a Natural Feature To understand this point well, it is important to borrow an example from some of the African nations. There have been cries that most traders from Asia are trading with the African poachers. One of the most important and common African natural resources is wildlife. Just like in New Zealand, some governments in Africa pocket a lot of money from wildlife tourism. Therefore, the governments in Africa are the ones responsible for wildlife and they do all they can to protect the wildlife. Such has helped the nation in many ways.9 It is the responsibility of the nation to make sure that it looks after the well-being of the natural resources. Failure to do so, the resources might be misused which might have an effect in the future. The reason why it is good to preserve some of the resources is to make sure that the face of the history is maintained and passed from generation to another. In the given example of Africa, if nothing is done, it is more likely that the next generation will be heard of elephants and rhinos but will never see them. Such is the case that is likely to happen if the outstanding landscapes are not recognized by the national planning instrument. 16Therefore, for the sustenance of the landscapes, the inclusion of the national planning instrument is of great essence. To make Sure that the Environment is Preserved In the twenty-first century, the issue of environment pollution is common. To make sure that such does not happen, there needs to be a body in place that is given the responsibility of taking good care of the environment. 10The reason why the national planning instrument is more suitable for taking care of the landscapes is that it has the machinery putting into consideration it is funded by the national government. [3]At the same time, the national policies cannot be compared with the regional policies; they are far different and more advanced since they look after the needs of the entire nation. Bringing in the national planning instruments is making sure that the needed dedication is given to the landscapes. The outstanding landscapes of New Zealand are features known by many people all over the world. Such means that the natural resources, if not guarded, might affect the nation's reputation. It is the responsibility of the national planning instrument to do so.6 With all said and done; it is also important to state that the national planning instrument should only be dedicated to taking care of the outstanding landscapes alone. The reason for stating so is because concentrating on all landscapes might have an effect on the effectiveness of the instrument. For example, if the national planning instrument concentrated its resources on the minor landscapes, the regional planning instrument would be left without responsibility. 14At the same time, the national planning instrument will be overstretched thus affecting its effectiveness in looking after the welfare of the environment.[4] Outstanding Landscapes Should be Recognized by the Regional Planning Instrument The person who knows more about a place is the person who lives in the place. 11With such in mind, it is important to make sure that the natural resources are placed under the care of the local mechanism. There are reasons why the outstanding landscapes should be recognized by the regional planning instrument. Knowledge of the Features The person who lives in the rural New Zealand has more knowledge about the place, and the same case applies to the one living in the urban areas. With this in mind, the instrument that can be effective in taking care of the landscapes is the instrument that has more knowledge about the region. 5The local planning instrument is entrusted with the regional issues thus making it more conversant with the issues surrounding the regional affairs. The landscapes should be protected from the potential threats. Though the government has the machinery to make sure that the landscapes are preserved, the regional leadership is on the ground thus in a more suitable place to make sure that the natural resources are protected and guarded. More Concern In some nations, physical features are a heritage that the residents hold dearly in their hearts. 3Some residents take the preservation of the features serious. Therefore, a regional planning instrument is likely to make sure that the resource is not over-exploited. [5]At the same time, when a feature in a specific region is over exploited, the region tends to be affected. Because the regional members do not want to have a bad reputation, they are likely to give the local leadership an easy time in looking after the welfare of the natural features.[6] Sense of Belonging The landscapes are natural features, and that means that they cannot migrate. For many years, the residents of a region live with the features, and that makes the communities and the features part and parcel of the region. Therefore, when a body from the locality is given a responsibility of taking care of the environment, it is more likely that the body does it with all the zeal, and it is determined to make sure that the features are well taken care of. It is for this reason that the regional planning instrument should recognize the outstanding landscapes. 4By so doing, the attention that will be given to the landscapes will be out of good will. At the same time, it is good to look at the whole issue from a financial perspective. The sustenance of a natural resource does not come without a cost. 1Therefore, it is more likely for the national body to spend more resources in taking care of the landscapes. However, the case is different when it comes to the regional body. This is beca use the operations of the regional body are concentrated around the landscapes thus needing fewer resources to attend to attend to any matter related to the landscapes. Conclusion It is evident that landscapes play a crucial role in the development of any given region. The issue of who should recognize the precious resource is still a dilemma. However, both the national planning instrument and the regional planning instrument have a responsibility to play in preserving the environment. With this in mind, it is difficult to make a judgment of who should utilize the resources. The bottom line is that the outstanding landscapes must be guarded if the nation is aimed at preserving its environment and heritage. Bibliography Anita, S, Cultural Landscapes in the Pacific Islands: The 2007 ICOMOS Thematic Study. (Safeguarding Precious Resources for Island Communities, 2014)pp.52-59. David, C, Sacred Sites, Sacred Places. Vol 23 (London: Routledge, 2013) David, G., 2016. Horizontal and Vertical Integration of Sustainability into Policymaking, Planning, and Implementation of Renewable Energy (Legal Aspects of Sustainable Development. Springer International Publishing, 2016).423-48. Douglas, P, Destination Management in New Zealand: Structures and Functions (Journal of Destination Marketing Management, 2015) 1-12. Duempelmann, S, John, Women, Modernity and Landscape Architecture (London: Routledge, 2015) Hobbs, A, Connection to Place (Australian Garden History, 2014) 26(2), 19. Ian, Y, Una, M, New Zealand Tourism: Which Direction Would it take? (Tourism Recreation Research, 2014) 415-35. Jackson, J, Recognizing Outstanding Natural Landscapes Under the RMA (New Zealand: Environment Court of New Zealand, n.d) James, B, Landscape, Natural Character, Aquaculture and the NZKS Supreme Court Decision: Australasian Coasts and Ports 2015 (22nd Australasian Coastal and Engineering Conference and the 15th Australasian Port and Harbour Conference, 2015) James, R, Predator Free New Zealand: Conservation Country (Bioscience, 2015) p 2015. Kaiser, M, Aquaculture and the Precautionary Principle in the New Zealand Supreme Court (Wageningen Academic Publishers, 2015) pp.75-81. Michelle, C, Picard, S, Future Values: Addressing the Moving Target of Sustainable Cultural Landscapes (International Journal of Society Systems, 2015) pp.352-67. 13Myers, S, Wetland Management in New Zealand: Are Current Approaches and Policies Sustaining Wetland Ecosystems in Agricultural Landscapes?(Ecological Engineering, 2013) pp.107-20. Rewi, E, The New Zealand Plant Conservation Network (Journal of the Australian Network for Plant Conservation, 2015) p.20. Salmon, R, Priestley, R, A Future for Public Engagement with Science of the Royal Society of New Zealand (Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand, 2015) pp.101-07. Simon, S, Winchester, H, Pathways to Sustainable Landscape Management: Peer Recognition as an Indicator of Effective "Soft Actions." (Geografisk Tidsskrift-Danish Journal of Geography, 2016) pp.14-23.

The Ethical Basis For Ecosystem Management Essays - Systems Ecology

The Ethical Basis for Ecosystem Management Andrew J. Green Ecosystem Management: The Human Dimension Establishing an environmental ethic is of utmost concern to the human species to better comprehend our place in the world and our potentials for the future. In doing so, we must extend our thinking of rights and responsibilities. I believe we must incorporate not only a temporal component, but also a spatial understanding of the world as an organic biotic community and how consumption is a part of the natural order. Aldo Leopold believes that conservation ethics must be rooted in a determination: A thing is right when it tends to preserve the integrity, stability, and beauty of the biotic community. It is wrong when it tends otherwise. I would like to start with Leopold's statement, and further explore how the definitions of integrity, stability and beauty can be better understood given three corollary's: 1. All organic entities must consume to survive it is not only a right, but a responsibility 2. There are limited resources to be consumed by organic entities on the planet 3. The human species has the ability, through rational thought, to conserve ever-depleting resources Leopold's ethic attempts to extend what is of human, moral concern to include animals, ecosystems, and endangered species. How can this concern be expressed in today's society? I see one problem with this argument in that there is little discussion about power and influence that is inherent in current definitions of rights. Therefore, I will introduce the notion that organic entities, those that depend on the consumption of energy for survival, must retain the right to consume resources to survive. Notions of right and wrong now have no standing it is a fact that organic entities must consume to maintain life. I will turn to Callicott for some discussion of limits and to the Second Law of Thermodynamics as a moral decree to conservation. The resources for survival are diverse and limited, and we must explore more fully the components of a biotic community as a whole to explore our moral limits. Community components Organic entities exist (i.e. live) in an interdependent organic community. This viewpoint will examine components of the world which are necessary to maintain organic life. Biological entities are not the only things that require consumption in these organic communities: Fire consumes oxygen as well as organic entities, the atmosphere consumes radiation from the sun, water consumes through the removal of essential oxygen to those that require it, and the earth consumes through convection. The earth, itself, does nothing more than recycle energy. Inorganic earth, water and air are also methods of transportation within the consumption community. Temporally, to better understand the interconnectedness with other entities we must look at humanities history through the ancestry of the land. Leopold described the rings on a fallen tree to show where, at different points in time, it may have been affected by other forces of consumption. We can see this in a ring that is charred black due to a fire over one hundred years ago, or where romantic lovers etched their names in its sturdy frame. However, when we examine things at the microscopic level, a rich picture emerges that relates our biological history with nature. Leopold writes of this through the Odyssey of Particle X: In the flash of a century the rock decayed, and X was pulled out and up into a world of living things. He helped build a flower, which became an acorn, which fattened a deer which fed an Indian, all in a single year. The human sensory methods of discovery tend to miss many relationships between organic entities. We tend to miss a lot of things when we are not actually living in nature as well. The modern market-driven consumer society is very different from the consumer community of the totality of organic entities on the earth and quite possible less complex. We tend not only to consume resources, but technology allows us to build things that consume resources just in the production process itself. These, in turn, produce forms of energy that can then be consumed by human beings as a species. Finite energy resources Up until now, I have neglected the inorganic life that abounds on the planet. I